{"id":13721,"date":"2023-10-10T04:07:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T04:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natus.com\/insights\/sleep-apnea-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T18:58:54","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T18:58:54","slug":"apnea-del-sueno-sintomas-diagnostico-tratamiento","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/insights\/apnea-del-sueno-sintomas-diagnostico-tratamiento\/","title":{"rendered":"Apnea del sue\u00f1o: s\u00edntomas, diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"template":"","insight_type":[319],"insights_category":[357],"insights_tag":[358],"class_list":["post-13721","insights","type-insights","status-publish","hentry","insight_type-neuro","insights_category-sueno","insights_tag-sleep-es"],"acf":{"content_blocks":[{"acf_fc_layout":"hero_insights","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","hero_insights":{"module_id":"n651a1bdf6995b","module_class":"","background_color":"#00aaa7","intro":"Gu\u00eda de ayuda para pacientes con apnea del sue\u00f1o: desde el estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG al tratamiento\r\n","h1":"Apnea del sue\u00f1o: s\u00edntomas, diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento","insights_image":{"ID":13411,"id":13411,"title":"Sleep Apnea Feature Image","filename":"Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","filesize":899108,"url":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","link":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/insights\/apnea-del-sueno-sintomas-diagnostico-tratamiento\/sleep-apnea-feature-image-2\/","alt":"Sleep Apnea Feature Image","author":"2","description":"","caption":"","name":"sleep-apnea-feature-image-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":13721,"date":"2023-10-10 04:20:59","modified":"2024-07-30 16:26:06","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1300,"height":500,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","thumbnail-width":128,"thumbnail-height":49,"medium":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","medium-width":1300,"medium-height":500,"medium_large":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image-768x295.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":295,"large":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","large-width":1300,"large-height":500,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","1536x1536-width":1300,"1536x1536-height":500,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Feature-Image.png","2048x2048-width":1300,"2048x2048-height":500}}}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n65235aa0431c8","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#f1f1f1","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>El sue\u00f1o es un componente esencial de la salud y el bienestar general de cada persona ya que repercute en importantes funciones del cuerpo tales como la conservaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda, la restituci\u00f3n de funciones aut\u00f3nomas, la consolidaci\u00f3n de la memoria, la regulaci\u00f3n del sistema inmune y la restauraci\u00f3n cerebral. Como consecuencia, una duraci\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o insuficiente y una mala calidad de este provocadas por la apnea del sue\u00f1o puede derivar en problemas cardiovasculares importantes tales como presi\u00f3n arterial alta, infartos y ataques al coraz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.natus.com\/multiple-sleep-latency-test-and-maintenance-of-wakefulness-test\">Si le gustar\u00eda saber m\u00e1s sobre la prueba de latencia m\u00faltiple del sue\u00f1o y las pruebas de mantenimiento de la vigilia en adultos<\/a>, puede que le interese nuestro eSeminar bajo demanda.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>En esta gu\u00eda, puede explorar procedimientos m\u00e9dicos que le ayudar\u00e1n a apoyar al paciente en procesos como la detecci\u00f3n de s\u00edntomas de trastornos del sue\u00f1o, estudios de polisomnograf\u00eda y el tratamiento de la apnea del sue\u00f1o. Esta gu\u00eda incluye:<br \/>\n\u21d2 <a href=\"#sleep-stages\">\u21d2 Las 5 fases del sue\u00f1o<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#types-of-disorders\">Trastornos del sue\u00f1o m\u00e1s habituales<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#sleep-apneas\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los diferentes tipos de apnea del sue\u00f1o?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#sleep-apneas-symptoms\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los s\u00edntomas de la apnea del sue\u00f1o?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#sleep-apneas-diagnose\">C\u00f3mo diagnosticar la apnea del sue\u00f1o con polisomnograf\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#levels-psg-study\">Niveles de estudios del sue\u00f1o con PSG<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#PSG-findings\">Resultados de la polisomnograf\u00eda en pacientes con ASO<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 <a href=\"#treat-sleepapnea\">C\u00f3mo tratar la apnea del sue\u00f1o<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"sleep-stages","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"70","padding_top_mobile":"70","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"70","padding_bottom_mobile":"70","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Las 5 fases del sue\u00f1o <\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b3d02f","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>El sue\u00f1o es un estado conductual reversible de desconexi\u00f3n perceptual del entorno y de falta de reacci\u00f3n al mismo; consta de cinco fases: Sue\u00f1o ligero, N1, N2, N3 y sue\u00f1o con movimiento r\u00e1pido de ojos (REM, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). Normalmente una persona pasa por las fases N1-N3 del sue\u00f1o con movimiento no r\u00e1pido de ojos antes de entrar en la fase REM.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Para llegar a esta \u00faltima fase, transcurren entre una y dos horas una vez que una persona se ha quedado dormida. El ciclo se repite de tres a cuatro veces cada noche y la mayor parte del sue\u00f1o de las personas adultas tiene lugar en la fase N2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13377 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-cycles.png\" alt=\" Sleep is divided into five stages: Wake, N1, N2, N3, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. \" width=\"1443\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-cycles.png 1443w, https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-cycles-768x270.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1443px) 100vw, 1443px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK526132\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK526132\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"types-of-disorders","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"70","padding_top_mobile":"70","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"70","padding_bottom_mobile":"70","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Trastornos del sue\u00f1o m\u00e1s habituales<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b46d1e","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>Los trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sue\u00f1o se caracterizan por una respiraci\u00f3n anormal durante el sue\u00f1o y se dividen en cuatro tipos diferentes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apnea central del sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Apnea central obstructiva<\/li>\n<li>Trastornos de hipoventilaci\u00f3n relacionados con el sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Trastornos de hipoxemia relacionados con el sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Los trastornos por movimiento durante el sue\u00f1o ocasionan movimiento durante o antes del sue\u00f1o que pueden dificultar quedarse dormido o permanecer dormido. Estos son algunos trastornos por movimiento durante el sue\u00f1o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00edndrome de las piernas inquietas<\/li>\n<li>Movimientos peri\u00f3dicos de las extremidades<\/li>\n<li>Calambres en las piernas durante el sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Movimiento r\u00edtmico durante el sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Bruxismo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La <strong>narcolepsia<\/strong> se caracteriza por una somnolencia extrema durante el d\u00eda y puede causar ataques repentinos de sue\u00f1o en mitad de actividades como comer, caminar o conducir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>insomnio idiop\u00e1tico<\/strong> hace que los pacientes tengan demasiado sue\u00f1o durante el d\u00eda incluso si han dormido bien o de manera prolongada durante la noche. Al igual que en la narcolepsia, la necesidad de dormir puede aparecer en cualquier momento del d\u00eda, lo que puede suponer un peligro si, por ejemplo, el paciente est\u00e1 conduciendo.<\/p>\n<p>Las <strong>parasomnias<\/strong> son tipos de experiencias o eventos perturbadores que pueden darse justo antes de que el paciente se duerma, mientras est\u00e1 durmiendo o mientras se despierta. Estos son algunos de estos eventos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Despertares confusos<\/li>\n<li>Sonambulismo<\/li>\n<li>Terrores del sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Trastorno alimenticio relacionado con el sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Par\u00e1lisis del sue\u00f1o<\/li>\n<li>Pesadillas<\/li>\n<li>S\u00edndrome de la cabeza explosiva<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>trastorno del comportamiento del sue\u00f1o REM (RBD)<\/strong> es un tipo de parasomnia en la que los pacientes exteriorizan sue\u00f1os intensos cuando duermen gritando, sudando, dando pu\u00f1etazos, dando patadas o incluso saltando.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Los<strong> trastornos del ritmo circadiano<\/strong> son interrupciones del reloj interno de un paciente que regula una variedad de procesos biol\u00f3gicos, lo que dificulta seguir patrones de sue\u00f1o normales. Algunos de los trastornos del ritmo circadiano son:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fase de sue\u00f1o-vigilia retrasada<\/li>\n<li>Fase de sue\u00f1o-vigilia adelantada<\/li>\n<li>Ritmo de sue\u00f1o-vigilia irregular<\/li>\n<li>Ritmo de sue\u00f1o-vigilia diferente de 24 horas<\/li>\n<li>Trabajo por turnos<\/li>\n<li>Desfase horario (jet lag)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>insomnio<\/strong> supone una dificultad para dormirse as\u00ed como para permanecer dormido durante la noche, adem\u00e1s de provocar s\u00edntomas durante el d\u00eda. Existen dos tipos de insomnio:<\/p>\n<p>Insomnio transitorio<br \/>\nInsomnio cr\u00f3nico<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders-by-category\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/sleepeducation.org\/sleep-disorders-by-category<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"sleep-apneas","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Cu\u00e1les son los diferentes tipos de apnea del sue\u00f1o?<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b51774","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>La apnea del sue\u00f1o central (ASC) se produce cuando el cuerpo no responde a las se\u00f1ales del sistema cerebral para controlar los m\u00fasculos que participan en la respiraci\u00f3n, lo que ocasiona una respiraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s lenta y superficial. Existen diferentes tipos de ASC, incluida la ASC ocasionada por la respiraci\u00f3n de Cheyne-Stokes, respiraci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica a gran altitud, afecciones m\u00e9dicas o neurol\u00f3gicas sin respiraci\u00f3n de Cheyne-Stokes.<\/p>\n<p>La apnea del sue\u00f1o obstructiva (ASO) es el tipo de trastorno de la respiraci\u00f3n relacionada con el sue\u00f1o m\u00e1s habitual. Estudios recientes han revelado que 1 de cada 5 adultos de todo el mundo padecen ASO y que es muy probable que el n\u00famero de personas que sufre ASO siga creciendo en el futuro debido a factores demogr\u00e1ficos y de otra \u00edndole.<\/p>\n<p>La ASO se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de colapso total o parcial de las v\u00edas respiratorias superiores durante el sue\u00f1o debido a distintas causas tales como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Am\u00edgdalas agrandadas<\/li>\n<li>Paladar blando atrofiado<\/li>\n<li>Macroglosia<\/li>\n<li>Micrognacia<\/li>\n<li>Retrognacia<\/li>\n<li>Obesidad<\/li>\n<li>Cuello corto<\/li>\n<li>Circunferencia grande del cuello<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"sleep-apneas-symptoms","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los s\u00edntomas de la apnea del sue\u00f1o?<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b5c6a0","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>Los s\u00edntomas de la apnea del sue\u00f1o pueden clasificarse en s\u00edntomas nocturnos y diurnos. Entre los principales se incluyen:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13387\" src=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-nocturnal-symptoms.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-nocturnal-symptoms.png 781w, https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-nocturnal-symptoms-768x620.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13382\" src=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-day-symptoms.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-day-symptoms.png 791w, https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sleep-apnea-day-symptoms-768x615.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"sleep-apneas-diagnose","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">C\u00f3mo diagnosticar la apnea del sue\u00f1o con polisomnograf\u00eda<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b7178f","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>La polisomnograf\u00eda (PSG), a la que tambi\u00e9n se denomina estudio del sue\u00f1o, es la prueba m\u00e1s usada en el diagn\u00f3stico de la apnea del sue\u00f1o obstructiva. La PSG mide distintas variables del sue\u00f1o, incluido el \u00edndice de apnea-hipoapnea (AHI, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) que es la suma de las apneas (obstrucci\u00f3n completa del colapso de las v\u00edas respiratorias superiores) e hipoapneas (obstrucci\u00f3n parcial) por hora de sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23074483\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La apnea se define<\/a>\u00a0como la ausencia de flujo de aire durante m\u00e1s de 10 segundos, y la hipoapnea es la reducci\u00f3n del esfuerzo respiratoria con m\u00e1s de un 4 % de desaturaci\u00f3n del ox\u00edgeno. Un AHI de m\u00e1s de cinco eventos por hora de sue\u00f1o se estima que es anormal y en ese caso se considera que el paciente tiene un trastorno del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.natus.com\/multiple-sleep-latency-test-and-maintenance-of-wakefulness-test\">\u00a0Si le gustar\u00eda saber m\u00e1s sobre la prueba de latencia m\u00faltiple del sue\u00f1o y las pruebas de mantenimiento de la vigilia en adultos, puede que le interese nuestro eSeminar bajo demanda. Haga clic aqu\u00ed para acceder hoy mismo.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"levels-psg-study","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Niveles de estudios del sue\u00f1o con PSG<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b7ccf3","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>Los procedimientos m\u00e9dicos de las pruebas del sue\u00f1o incluyen la monitorizaci\u00f3n no asistida del sue\u00f1o y polisomnograf\u00eda asistida, y existen distintos niveles y clasificaciones de conformidad con las normas de la AASM en funci\u00f3n de los canales registrados.<\/p>\n<p>Los estudios del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 1 se realizan por la noche en una laboratorio del sue\u00f1o u hospital. El estudio se utiliza para ayudar a determinar la causa del exceso de sue\u00f1o durante el d\u00eda y para diagnosticar distintos trastornos del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supervisi\u00f3n asistida, online, v\u00eddeo<\/li>\n<li>Canales:\n<ul>\n<li>EEG: 6 Exploraci\u00f3n<\/li>\n<li>EOG: E1, E2<\/li>\n<li>ECG \/ Ritmo card\u00edaco: bipolar<\/li>\n<li>EMG de ment\u00f3n: tripolar<\/li>\n<li>EMG de extremidades: RT y LT bipolar<\/li>\n<li>Esfuerzo toracoabdominal<\/li>\n<li>Presi\u00f3n\/Flujo nasal<\/li>\n<li>Termistor<\/li>\n<li>Ox\u00edmetro de pulso<\/li>\n<li>Canales adicionales para niveles de CPAP\/BiPap, CO2, pH, presi\u00f3n, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Un estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 2 registra ondas cerebrales, latidos cardiacos y la respiraci\u00f3n del paciente mientras duerme. Tambi\u00e9n traza los movimientos de los ojos y las extremidades y el nivel de ox\u00edgeno en sangre.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"PSG Polisomnograf\u00eda\" href=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/neuro\/polisomnografia-psg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-entity-substitution=\"canonical\" data-entity-type=\"taxonomy_term\" data-entity-uuid=\"e7eb7458-5b43-42ed-8b52-2b64fe2ade3f\"><strong>La PSG de laboratorio asistida de nivel 2 requiere un m\u00ednimo de siete canales:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2 EEG (C3, C4)<\/li>\n<li>EOG<\/li>\n<li>EMG (Rt y Lt de ment\u00f3n)<\/li>\n<li>ECG\/HR<\/li>\n<li>Flujo de aire<\/li>\n<li>Esfuerzo respiratorio<\/li>\n<li>Saturaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 2 tambi\u00e9n se realiza en el domicilio del paciente con un polisomn\u00f3grafo port\u00e1til no asistido. En este caso se necesita un m\u00ednimo de siete canales:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>EEG<\/li>\n<li>EOG<\/li>\n<li>EMG<\/li>\n<li>ECG\/HR<\/li>\n<li>Flujo de aire<\/li>\n<li>Esfuerzo respiratorio<\/li>\n<li>Saturaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 3 se realiza en el domicilio del paciente. El dispositivo proporcionado registra datos tales como los niveles de ox\u00edgeno, el ritmo card\u00edaco, el flujo de aire, los ronquidos y otros par\u00e1metros mientras duerme el paciente. Para realizar un estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 3 con un polisomn\u00f3grafo port\u00e1til no asistido se necesita un m\u00ednimo de cuatro canales:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2 esfuerzo \/ flujo de aire<\/li>\n<li>1 ECG\/HR<\/li>\n<li>1 Sat. de ox\u00edgeno<\/li>\n<li>Actigraf\u00eda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Un estudio del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 4 hace referencia a la detecci\u00f3n de apneas del sue\u00f1o con oximetr\u00eda, que mide los niveles de ox\u00edgeno en sangre y tambi\u00e9n puede incluir la medici\u00f3n del ritmo card\u00edaco. Los estudios del sue\u00f1o con PSG de nivel 4 suelen emplearse como pruebas para detectar trastornos del sue\u00f1o en pacientes pedi\u00e1tricos.<\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"PSG-findings","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Resultados de la polisomnograf\u00eda en pacientes con ASO<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b8d07f","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13392 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Normal-OSA-patients.png\" alt=\"normal psg findings\" width=\"885\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Normal-OSA-patients.png 1440w, https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Normal-OSA-patients-768x437.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 885px) 100vw, 885px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- end HubSpot Call-to-Action Code --><\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_layout_title":"Banner Background","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"treat-sleepapnea","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"#00aaa7","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":true,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo tratar la apnea del sue\u00f1o?<\/span><\/h4>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b99135","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":"70","padding_top_tablet":"0","padding_top_mobile":"0","padding_bottom_desktop":"70","padding_bottom_tablet":"0","padding_bottom_mobile":"0","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p>Tras el diagn\u00f3stico de apnea del sue\u00f1o a un paciente, hay que definir el dispositivo adecuado para su tratamiento. Algunas opciones para tratar a los pacientes con apnea del sue\u00f1o son:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Presi\u00f3n positiva continua en las v\u00edas respiratorias (CPAP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s):\u00a0<\/strong>este dispositivo incluye una mascarilla que el paciente coloca sobre la nariz y act\u00faa a modo de divisor neum\u00e1tico para evitar la obstrucci\u00f3n en las v\u00edas respiratorias superiores.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dispositivo de avance mandibular:<\/strong>\u00a0en el caso de pacientes con retrognacia, este dispositivo oral impide que la lengua bloquee la garganta moviendo hacia delante la mand\u00edbula inferior.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sistema dise\u00f1ado para abrir la v\u00eda respiratoria:<\/strong>\u00a0este dispositivo crea una presi\u00f3n negativa suave en la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea oral para desplazar hacia delante el paladar suave y, por tanto, incrementar el tama\u00f1o de la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea far\u00edngea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Estimulador de la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea superior:<\/strong>\u00a0se trata de un dispositivo implantado que detecta los patrones de la respiraci\u00f3n y administra una estimulaci\u00f3n suave de las ramificaciones del nervio hipoglosal que puede empujar la lengua hacia delante y aumentar el tama\u00f1o de la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea retroglosal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cirug\u00eda:<\/strong>\u00a0en el caso de pacientes que tienen un tabique nasal desviado, am\u00edgdalas inflamadas y adenoides, o una mand\u00edbula inferior peque\u00f1a que hace que la garganta se vuelva demasiado estrecha, la cirug\u00eda, como una somnoplastia, uvulopalatofaringoplastia (UPFP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), uvulopalatofaringoplastia<\/p>\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"simple_content","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","content_full_width_landing":{"module_options":{"":null,"module_id":"n6524ce0b9de4b","module_class":"","module_background_type":"color","module_background_color":"","module_background_image":false,"module_background_video":"","activate_custom_padding":false,"padding_top_desktop":0,"padding_top_tablet":"","padding_top_mobile":"","padding_bottom_desktop":"","padding_bottom_tablet":"","padding_bottom_mobile":"","activate_custom_margin":false,"margin_top_desktop":"","margin_top_tablet":"","margin_top_mobile":"","margin_bottom_desktop":"","margin_bottom_tablet":"","margin_bottom_mobile":"","disable_on":[],"content_alignment_desktop":"left","content_alignment_tablet":"left","content_alignment_mobile":"left"},"content":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\">035383 RevB<\/span><\/p>\n"}}],"category_image":{"ID":13416,"id":13416,"title":"Sleep Apnea Tile Image 500x400","filename":"Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","filesize":299291,"url":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","link":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/insights\/apnea-del-sueno-sintomas-diagnostico-tratamiento\/sleep-apnea-tile-image-500x400-2\/","alt":"Sleep Apnea Tile Image","author":"2","description":"","caption":"","name":"sleep-apnea-tile-image-500x400-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":13721,"date":"2023-10-10 04:22:17","modified":"2024-07-30 16:25:49","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":500,"height":400,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":96,"medium":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","medium-width":500,"medium-height":400,"medium_large":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","medium_large-width":500,"medium_large-height":400,"large":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","large-width":500,"large-height":400,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","1536x1536-width":500,"1536x1536-height":400,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/natus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Sleep-Apnea-Tile-Image-500x400-1.png","2048x2048-width":500,"2048x2048-height":400}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insights\/13721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insights"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insights"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insights\/13721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15409,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insights\/13721\/revisions\/15409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insight_type?post=13721"},{"taxonomy":"insights_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/natus\/insights_category?post=13721"},{"taxonomy":"insights_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natus.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insights_tag?post=13721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}